氨基酸（百度百科）
<div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="1" style="margin-bottom: 15px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 28px; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;">氨基酸，是含有碱性<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA/850761?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="850761" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氨基</a>和酸性<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BE%A7%E5%9F%BA/648605?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="648605" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">羧基</a>的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9/2950156?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2950156" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">有机化合物</a>。羧酸<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A2%B3%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90/8784262?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8784262" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">碳原子</a>上的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90/4977951?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4977951" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氢原子</a>被氨基取代后形成的化合物。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="2" style="margin-bottom: 15px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 28px; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;">与<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BE%9F%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/9306151?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9306151" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">羟基酸</a>类似，氨基酸可按照氨基连在<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A2%B3%E9%93%BE/6845472?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6845472" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">碳链</a>上的不同位置而分为α-，β-，γ-，w-...氨基酸，但经<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E6%B0%B4%E8%A7%A3/5438740?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5438740" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">蛋白质水解</a>后得到的氨基酸都是<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%CE%B1-%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/4602054?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4602054" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">α-氨基酸</a>或亚氨基酸，而且仅有二十二种，包括<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%98%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/9261997?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9261997" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甘氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/10699932?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10699932" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">丙氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BC%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4453896?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4453896" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">缬氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BA%AE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4150020?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4150020" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">亮氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BC%82%E4%BA%AE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/357462?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="357462" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">异亮氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B2%E7%A1%AB%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/11003134?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11003134" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甲硫氨酸</a>（蛋氨酸）、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%AF%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4929208?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4929208" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脯氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%89%B2%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4312080?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4312080" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">色氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%9D%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/6259298?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6259298" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">丝氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%AA%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/8022356?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8022356" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酪氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4789920?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4789920" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">半胱氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8B%AF%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/7613951?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7613951" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">苯丙氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%A9%E9%97%A8%E5%86%AC%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA/6165046?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6165046" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">天门冬酰胺</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA/2309897?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2309897" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">谷氨酰胺</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8B%8F%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/11000489?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11000489" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">苏氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/53171734?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="53171734" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">天冬氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/391963?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="391963" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">谷氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B5%96%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/559809?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="559809" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">赖氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/559487?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="559487" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">精氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BB%84%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/398794?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="398794" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">组氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A1%92%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4599351?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4599351" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">硒半胱氨酸</a><span class="sup--normal" data-sup="1-2" data-ctrmap=":1,:2," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a>和<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%A1%E5%92%AF%E8%B5%96%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/5594479?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5594479" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">吡咯赖氨酸</a><span class="sup--normal" data-sup="3" data-ctrmap=":3," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a> （仅在少数细菌中发现），它们是构成<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8/309120?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="309120" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">蛋白质</a>的基本单位。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="4" data-ctrmap=":4," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="summary" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="3" style="margin-bottom: 15px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 28px; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;">由于氨基酸分子内同时存在的酸性基团和碱性基团可相互作用形成内盐，所以氨基酸通常是以偶极离子形式存在。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="3" style="margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><div class="para-title level-2J-chapter" data-index="1" label-module="para-title" data-pid="4" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 35px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: -30px; clear: both; border-left: 12px solid rgb(79, 156, 238); line-height: 24px; font-size: 22px; background-image: url("<a href=" https:="" bkssl.bdimg.com="" static="" wiki-lemma="" normal="" resource="" img="" paratitle-line_743dba1.png""="" target="_blank"><br><h2 class="title-text" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 18px; font-size: 22px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); float: left; line-height: 24px; font-weight: 400; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">一、研究历史</h2><a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="1" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma" data-filtered="filtered" style="margin-right: 3px; font-family: baikeFont_layout; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; speak: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; outline: 0px; vertical-align: -2px; color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 14px;"></span><br></a><a class="audio-play part-audio-play J-part-audio-play" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; outline: 0px;"><span class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_voice-play" style="margin-right: 3px; font-family: baikeFont_layout; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; speak: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: text-bottom; color: rgb(170, 170, 170);"></span> </a></div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="1_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_1_1" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="发现" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="1-1" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-3" data-index="1_1" label-module="para-title" data-pid="5" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 12px; clear: both; zoom: 1; line-height: 20px; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 0px;"><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;"><br></h3><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;">发现</h3></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="6" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">1827年，Auguste Arthur Plisson和Étienne Ossian Henry通过水解1806年从<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8A%A6%E7%AC%8B%E6%B1%81/57076176?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="57076176" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">芦笋汁</a>中分离出的芦笋胺（asparagine），首次发现了<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/53171734?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="53171734" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">天冬氨酸</a>。他们最初的方法是用<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%85/9515270?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9515270" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氢氧化铅</a>，但现在更常用其他各种酸或碱来代替。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="9" data-ctrmap=":9," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a> 而后陆续有几个<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA/850761?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="850761" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氨基</a>酸被单独发现，而最后确立氨基酸的命名则是在1900年左右通过化学家在实验室水解不同的蛋白，得到了很多种不同的氨基酸，就是有一个氨基一个<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BE%A7%E5%9F%BA/648605?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="648605" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">羧基</a>和一个<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BE%A7%E9%93%BE/9492925?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9492925" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">侧链</a>的结构的物质。1820年在<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8/309120?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="309120" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">蛋白质</a>的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%B4%E8%A7%A3%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9/12727124?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="12727124" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">水解产物</a>中发现了结构最简单的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%98%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/9261997?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9261997" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甘氨酸</a>。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="7" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">1935年发现最后一种氨基酸<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8B%8F%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/11000489?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11000489" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">苏氨酸</a>，1940年代，人类已发现自然界中存在20余种氨基酸。<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B5%96%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/559809?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="559809" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">赖氨酸</a>是Drech-sel于1889年首先从<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%AA%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD/7143226?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7143226" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酪蛋白</a>上分离出来的。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="10" data-ctrmap=":10," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="8" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">2022年6月6日，据<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB/4319135?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4319135" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">日本经济新闻</a>报道，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84/6969818?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6969818" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">日本宇宙航空研究开发机构</a>的小行星探测器“<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9A%BC%E9%B8%9F2%E5%8F%B7/15873504?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="15873504" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">隼鸟2号</a>”从小行星“龙宫”带回地球的沙子样本中，发现了“生命之源”——氨基酸。这是首次在地球以外确认氨基酸的存在。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="14" data-ctrmap="t7WYTpKVlpGB:14," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a></div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="1_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_1_2" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="工业发展历史" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="1-2" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-3" data-index="1_2" label-module="para-title" data-pid="9" style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 12px; clear: both; zoom: 1; line-height: 20px; text-indent: 0px;"><h3 class="title-text" style=""><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;">工业发</span><font size="4" style="font-weight: normal;">展历史</font></h3></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="10" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">世界上最早从事氨基酸工业化生产的是日本<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%91%B3%E4%B9%8B%E7%B4%A0/53757?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="53757" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">味之素</a>公司的创造人<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B1%A0%E7%94%B0%E8%8F%8A%E8%8B%97/6580595?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6580595" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">池田菊苗</a>。他于20世纪40年代初在实验室中偶然发现：在<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%A6/824011?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="824011" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">海带</a>浸泡液中可提取出一种白色针状结晶物。该物质具有强烈鲜味，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C/22361113?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="22361113" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">分析结果</a>表明它是谷氨酸的一种钠盐。池田菊苗最后终于找到一种工业化生产味之素的新途径即利用<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BA%A6%E7%B2%89/10274079?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10274079" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">小麦粉</a>加工淀粉后剩下的“<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9D%A2%E7%AD%8B/6530676?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6530676" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">面筋</a>”为原料，首先用盐酸将其水解得到<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/391963?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="391963" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">谷氨酸</a>，然后加入<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BA%AF%E7%A2%B1/1400682?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1400682" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">纯碱</a>中和即可得到食品级的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0/5385210?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5385210" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">谷氨酸钠</a>。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="11" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/391963?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="391963" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">谷氨酸</a>是世界上第一个工业化生产的氨基酸单一产品。此后，科学家利用蛋白质水解法可将羽毛、人发、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%8C%AA%E8%A1%80/1953288?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1953288" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">猪血</a>等原料水解成为氨基酸，但这些氨基酸多为“DL混合型氨基酸”其拆分十分困难。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="12" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">在60年代确立的工业<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5/3662891?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3662891" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">微生物发酵</a>法使氨基酸工业开始起飞。此后许多种常用氨基酸品种（其中包括：谷氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸等等）均可利用微生物<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5%E6%B3%95/5442181?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5442181" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">发酵法</a>生产，从而使其产量大增，成本大为下降。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="11" data-ctrmap=":11," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a></div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_2" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="理化性质" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-2J-chapter" data-index="2" label-module="para-title" data-pid="13" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 35px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: -30px; clear: both; border-left: 12px solid rgb(79, 156, 238); line-height: 24px; font-size: 22px; background-image: url("<a href=" https:="" bkssl.bdimg.com="" static="" wiki-lemma="" normal="" resource="" img="" paratitle-line_743dba1.png""="" target="_blank"><br><h2 class="title-text" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 18px; font-size: 22px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); float: left; line-height: 24px; font-weight: 400; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">二、理化性质</h2><a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="2" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma" data-filtered="filtered" style="margin-right: 3px; font-family: baikeFont_layout; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; speak: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; outline: 0px; vertical-align: -2px; color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 14px;"></span><br></a><a class="audio-play part-audio-play J-part-audio-play" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; outline: 0px;"><span class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_voice-play" style="margin-right: 3px; font-family: baikeFont_layout; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; speak: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: text-bottom; color: rgb(170, 170, 170);"></span> </a></div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="2_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_2_1" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="物理性质" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="2-1" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-3" data-index="2_1" label-module="para-title" data-pid="14" style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 12px; clear: both; zoom: 1; line-height: 20px; text-indent: 0px;"><h3 class="title-text" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;"><br></h3><h3 class="title-text" style=""><span style="font-weight: normal;"><font size="4"> 物理性质</font></span></h3></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="15" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">氨基酸通常为无色晶体，熔点超过200℃，比一般<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9/2950156?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2950156" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">有机化合物</a>的熔点高很多。<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%CE%B1-%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/4602054?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4602054" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">α-氨基酸</a>有酸、甜、苦、鲜4种不同味感。谷氨酸单钠和<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%98%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/9261997?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9261997" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甘氨酸</a>是用量最大的鲜味<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%83%E5%91%B3%E6%96%99/10827126?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10827126" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">调味料</a>。氨基酸一般易溶于水、酸溶液和碱溶液中，不溶或微溶于<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87/135334?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="135334" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">乙醇</a>或<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9A/316922?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="316922" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">乙醚</a>等<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%BA%B6%E5%89%82/7921016?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7921016" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">有机溶剂</a>。氨基酸在水中的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6/438206?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="438206" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">溶解度</a>差别很大，例如<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%AA%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/8022356?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8022356" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酪氨酸</a>的溶解度最小，25℃时，100g水中酪氨酸仅溶解0.045g，但在热水中酪氨酸的溶解度较大。<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B5%96%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/559809?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="559809" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">赖氨酸</a>和<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/559487?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="559487" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">精氨酸</a>常以<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%9B%90%E9%85%B8/114516?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="114516" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">盐酸</a>盐的形式存在，因为它们极易溶于水，因潮解而难以制得结晶<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="5" data-ctrmap=":5," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a> <a name="ref_5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a>。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="16" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">（1）色泽和颜色：各种常见的氨基酸易成为无色结晶，结晶形状因氨基酸的结构不同而有所差异。如<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/L-%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/320119?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="320119" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">L-谷氨酸</a>为四角柱形结晶，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/D-%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/9497418?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9497418" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">D-谷氨酸</a>则为菱形片状结晶。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="17" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">（2）熔点：氨基酸结晶的熔点较高，一般在200～300℃，许多氨基酸在达到或接近熔点时会分解成胺和CO<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="18" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">（3）溶解度：绝大部分氨基酸都能溶于水。不同氨基酸在水中的溶解度有差别，如赖氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸的溶解度较大，酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸的溶解度很小。各种氨基酸都能溶于强碱和<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BC%BA%E9%85%B8/10424255?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10424255" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">强酸</a>中。但氨基酸不溶或微溶于乙醇。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="19" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">（4）味感：氨基酸及其衍生物具有一定的味感，如酸、甜、苦、咸等。其味感的种类与氨基酸的种类、立体结构有关。从立体结构上讲，一般来说，D-型氨基酸都具有甜味，其甜味强度高于相应的L-型氨基酸。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="20" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><div class="lemma-picture J-lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 20px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); overflow: hidden; position: relative; float: right; clear: right; width: 220px;"><span class="description" style="text-align: center; padding: 8px 7px; display: block; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px; font-family: 宋体; word-break: break-all; line-height: 24px; min-height: 12px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);"> 芳香族氨基酸对紫外线的吸收 <span data-ctrmap="12," data-sup="12" style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"></span> <a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a></span></div>（5）<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6/12731033?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="12731033" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">紫外吸收</a>特性：各种常见的氨基酸对<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E5%85%89/1241853?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1241853" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">可见光</a>均无<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B/10319450?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10319450" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">吸收能力</a>。但酪氨酸、色氨酸和苯丙氨酸在<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E5%85%89/8817748?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8817748" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">紫外光</a>区具有明显的光<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1/8716554?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8716554" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">吸收现象</a>。而大多数蛋白质中都含有这3种氨基酸，尤其是酪氨酸。因此，可以利用280nm波长处的紫外吸收特性定量检测蛋白质的含量。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="6" data-ctrmap=":6," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_6" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_6" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="21" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">氨基酸的一个重要光学性质是对光有<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8/10479186?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10479186" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">吸收作用</a>。20种Pr-AA在可见光区域均无光吸收，在远紫外区（<220nm）均有光吸收，在紫外区（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BF%91%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96/56147881?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="56147881" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">近紫外</a>区）（220nm～300nm）只有三种AA有光吸收能力，这三种氨基酸是<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8B%AF%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">苯丙氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%AA%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酪氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%89%B2%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">色氨酸</a>，因为它们的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/R%E5%9F%BA/9636668?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9636668" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">R基</a>含有苯环<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%85%B1%E8%BD%AD%E5%8F%8C%E9%94%AE/6557573?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6557573" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">共轭双键</a>系统。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="22" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">苯丙AA最大<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%85%89%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6/1609730?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1609730" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">光吸收</a>在259nm、酪AA在278nm、色AA在279nm，蛋白质一般都含有这三种AA<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%AE%8B%E5%9F%BA/6776014?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6776014" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">残基</a>，所以其最大光吸收在大约280nm波长处，因此能利用<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%88%86%E5%85%89%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E6%B3%95/864759?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="864759" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">分光光度法</a>很方便的测定蛋白质的含量。分光光度法测定<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E5%90%AB%E9%87%8F/14110368?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="14110368" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">蛋白质含量</a>的依据是<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9C%97%E4%BC%AF%E2%80%94%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B/4164769?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4164769" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">朗伯—比尔定律</a>。在280nm处蛋白质溶液吸光值与其浓度成正比。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="22" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: large; text-indent: 2em;">化学性质</span></div><ol class="custom_num para-list list-paddingleft-1" data-pid="24" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 2em; list-style: none; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><li class="list-num-1-1 list-num-paddingleft-1" style="margin-left: 0px; list-style: none;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="margin-left: 27px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">氨基的反应：酰化反应；与亚硝酸反应；与醛反应；磺酰化反应；与DNFB反应；成盐反应。</div></li><li class="list-num-1-2 list-num-paddingleft-1" style="margin-left: 0px; list-style: none;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="margin-left: 27px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">羧基的反应氨基酸的羧基和其他羧酸一样，在一定条件下可以发生<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%B0%E5%8C%96/3913978?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3913978" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酰化</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%AF%E5%8C%96/1116511?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1116511" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酯化</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%B1%E7%BE%A7/8604135?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8604135" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脱羧</a>和成盐反应。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="4" data-ctrmap=":4," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_4" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div></li><li class="list-num-1-3 list-num-paddingleft-1" style="margin-left: 0px; list-style: none;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="margin-left: 27px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">与<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E8%8C%9A%E4%B8%89%E9%85%AE/9074106?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9074106" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">水合茚三酮</a>反应：α-氨基酸与水合茚三酮在弱酸性溶液中共热，经氧化脱氨生成相应的α-酮酸，进一步<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%B1%E7%BE%A7/8604135?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8604135" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脱羧</a>形成<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%86%9B/2018513?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2018513" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">醛</a>，水合茚三酮被还原成还原型茚三酮，在弱酸性溶液中，还原型茚三酮、氨基酸脱下来的氨再与另一个水合茚三酮反应缩合生成蓝紫色复合物，脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸与<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8C%9A%E4%B8%89%E9%85%AE/2695581?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2695581" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">茚三酮</a>反应产生黄色物质，其余的α-氨基酸与茚三酮反应均产生蓝紫色物质。这个颜色反应常被用于α-氨基酸的比色测定和色层分析的显色。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="4" data-ctrmap=":4," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_4" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div></li></ol><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="25" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">酸碱</span></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="26" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">1、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%A4%E6%80%A7%E8%A7%A3%E7%A6%BB/7729375?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7729375" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">两性解离</a>与<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%AD%89%E7%94%B5%E7%82%B9/501044?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="501044" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">等电点</a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="27" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">氨基酸在水溶液或结晶内基本上均以<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%85%BC%E6%80%A7%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90/3015233?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3015233" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">兼性离子</a>或偶极离子的形式存在。所谓<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%A4%E6%80%A7%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90/7200694?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7200694" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">两性离子</a>是指在同一个氨基酸分子上带有能释放出质子的NH<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">3</span><span class="normal" style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; cursor: default;">+</span>缬氨酸离子和能接受质子的COO<span class="normal" style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; cursor: default;">-</span><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B4%9F%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90/375881?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="375881" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">负离子</a>，因此氨基酸是<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%A4%E6%80%A7%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E8%B4%A8/7529172?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7529172" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">两性电解质</a>。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="28" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">氨基酸的等电点：氨基酸的带电状况取决于所处环境的pH值，改变pH值可以使氨基酸带正电荷或负电荷，也可使它处于正负电荷数相等，即<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%87%80%E7%94%B5%E8%8D%B7/2673008?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2673008" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">净电荷</a>为零的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%A4%E6%80%A7%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">两性离子</a>状态。使氨基酸所带正负电荷数相等即<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%87%80%E7%94%B5%E8%8D%B7/2673008?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2673008" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">净电荷</a>为零时的溶液pH值称为该氨基酸的等电点。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="29" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">氨基酸分子中同时含有酸性基团和<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A2/12730230?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="12730230" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">碱性基团</a>，因此，氨基酸既能和较强的酸反应。也能与较强的碱反应而生成稳定的盐，具有<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%A4%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9/2722927?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2722927" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">两性化合物</a>的特征。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="30" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">当调节某一种氨基酸溶液的pH为一定值时，该种氨基酸刚好以偶极离子形式存在，在电场中，既不向负极移动，也不向正极移动，即此时其所带的正、负电荷数相等，净电荷为零，呈<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B5%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7/10747451?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10747451" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">电中性</a>，此时此溶液的pH称为该氨基酸的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%AD%89%E7%94%B5%E7%82%B9/501044?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="501044" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">等电点</a>，通常用pI表示。在等电点时，氨基酸主要以偶极离子的形式存在。当氨基酸溶液的pH大于pI时（如加入碱），氨基酸中的一NH<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">3</span><span class="normal" style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; cursor: default;">+</span>给出质子，平衡右移，这时氨基酸主要以<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%98%B4%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90/1144223?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1144223" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">阴离子</a>形式存在，若在电场中，则向正极移动。反之，当溶液的pH小于pI时（如加入酸），氨基酸中的一COO<span class="normal" style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; cursor: default;">-</span>结合质子，使平衡<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B7%A6%E7%A7%BB/56641765?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="56641765" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">左移</a>，这时氨基酸主要以<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%98%B3%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90/1144354?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1144354" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">阳离子</a>形式存在，若在电场中，则向负极移动。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="31" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">各种氨基酸由于其组成和结构的不同，而具有不同的等电点。中性氨基酸的等电点小于7，一般为5.0～6.5。酸性氨基酸的等电点为3左右。碱性氨基酸的等电为7.58～10.8。带电颗粒在电场的作用下，向着与其电性相反的电极移动，称为电泳。由于各种氨基酸的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F/5352687?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5352687" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">相对分子质量</a>和pI不同，在相同pH的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BC%93%E5%86%B2%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2/2617370?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2617370" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">缓冲溶液</a>中，不同的氨基酸不仅带的电荷状况有差异，而且在电场中的泳动方向和速率也往往不同。因此，基于这种差异，可用<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B5%E6%B3%B3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF/238293?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="238293" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">电泳技术</a>分离氨基酸的混合物。例如，天冬氨酸和精氨酸的混合物置于电泳支持介质（滤纸或凝胶）中央，调节溶液的pH至6.02（为缓冲溶液）时，此时天冬氨酸（pI=2.98）带负电荷，在电场中向正极移动，而精氨酸（pI=10.76）带正电荷，向负极移动<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="8" data-ctrmap=":8," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a> 。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="32" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">2、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A7%A3%E7%A6%BB%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B0/10919296?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10919296" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">解离常数</a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="33" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">解离式中K<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">1</span>和K<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>′分别代表α－碳原子上-COOH和-NH<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">3</span>的表现解离常数。在生化上，解离常数是在特定条件下（一定<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2%E6%B5%93%E5%BA%A6/18501558?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="18501558" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">溶液浓度</a>和<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%BA%E5%BA%A6/3472029?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3472029" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">离子强度</a>）测定的。等电点的计算可由其分子上解离基团的表观解离常数来确定。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><table log-set-param="table_view" data-sort="sortDisabled" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; border-spacing: 0px; clear: both; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><caption style="padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 9px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px;">各种氨基酸的结构、名称、缩写符号以及他们的物理性质</caption><tbody><tr><th width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></th><th width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">缩写</div></th><th style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">中文译名</div></th><th width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">支链</div></th><th width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">分子量</div></th><th width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">等电点</div></th><th width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">羧基解离常数</div></th><th width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">氨基解离常数</div></th><th width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Pkr(R)</div></th><th style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">R基</div></th></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Gly</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">G</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%98%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/9261997?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9261997" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甘氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亲水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">75.07</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">5.97</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.34</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.60</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-H</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Ala</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">A</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/10699932?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10699932" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">丙氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">疏水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">89.09</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">6.00</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.35</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.87</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH₃</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Val</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">V</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BC%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4453896?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4453896" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">缬氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">疏水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">117.15</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">5.96</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.29</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.72</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH-(CH₃)₂</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Leu</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">L</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BA%AE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4150020?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4150020" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">亮氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">疏水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">131.17</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">5.98</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.33</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.74</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH₂-CH(CH₃)₂</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Ile</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">I</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BC%82%E4%BA%AE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/357462?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="357462" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">异亮氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">疏水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">131.17</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">6.02</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.32</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.76</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH(CH₃)-CH₂-CH₃</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Phe</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">F</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8B%AF%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/7613951?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7613951" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">苯丙氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">疏水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">165.19</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">5.48</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.58</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.24</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH₂-C₆H₅</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Trp</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">W</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%89%B2%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4312080?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4312080" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">色氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">疏水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">204.23</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">5.89</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.43</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.44</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH₂-C₈NH₆</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Tyr</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Y</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%AA%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/8022356?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8022356" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酪氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亲水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">181.19</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">5.66</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.20</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.21</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">10.07ᶜ</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">10.46</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH₂-C₆H₄-OH</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Asp</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">D</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/53171734?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="53171734" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">天冬氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">酸性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">133.10</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.77</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">1.88</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">3.65ᵇ</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.60</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">3.90</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH₂-COOH</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Asn</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">N</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA/9782726?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9782726" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">天冬酰胺</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亲水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">132.12</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">5.41</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.02</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">8.80</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH₂-CONH₂</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Glu</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">E</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/391963?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="391963" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">谷氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">酸性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">147.13</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">3.22</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.13</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">4.32ᵇ</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.60</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">4.07</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-(CH₂)₂-COOH</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Lys</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">K</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B5%96%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/559809?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="559809" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">赖氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">碱性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">146.19</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.74</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.18</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">8.95</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">10.53ᶜ</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">10.54</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-(CH₂)₄-NH₂</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Gln</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Q</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA/2309897?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2309897" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">谷氨酰胺</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亲水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">146.15</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">5.65</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.17</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.13</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-(CH₂)₂-CONH₂</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Met</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">M</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B2%E7%A1%AB%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/11003134?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11003134" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甲硫氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">疏水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">149.21</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">5.74</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.13</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.28</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-(CH₂)<span style="line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>-S-CH₃</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Ser</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">S</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%9D%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/6259298?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6259298" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">丝氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亲水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">105.09</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">5.68</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.19</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.44</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH₂-OH</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Thr</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">T</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8B%8F%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/11000489?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11000489" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">苏氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亲水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">119.12</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">5.60</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">2.09</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.10</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH(CH₃)-OH</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Cys</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">C</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4789920?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4789920" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">半胱氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亲水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">121.16</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">5.07</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">1.86</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">8.35</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">8.37</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH₂-SH</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Pro</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">P</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%AF%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4929208?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4929208" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脯氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">疏水性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">115.13</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">6.30</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">1.95</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">10.64</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><br data-filtered="filtered"></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-C₃H₆</div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">His</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">H</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BB%84%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/398794?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="398794" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">组氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">碱性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">155.16</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">7.59</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">1.81</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">6.05</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">9.15ᶜ</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">6.04</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-CH<span style="line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>-C<span style="line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">3</span>H<span style="line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">3</span>N<span style="line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span></div></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" width="40" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Arg</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="24" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">R</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/559487?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="559487" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">精氨酸</a></div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">碱性</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="81" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">174.20</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">10.76</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="97" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">1.82</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="88" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">8.99</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">13.20ᶜ</div></td><td valign="top" align="left" width="78" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">12.48</div></td><td style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">-(CH<span style="line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>)<span style="line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">3</span>-NHC(NH)NH<span style="line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="10" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">注：ᵇ 非α位羧基取代基的pKₐ; ᶜ 非α位碱性取代基的pKₐ。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="13" data-ctrmap=":13," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="34" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">3、多氨基（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">碱性氨基酸</a>）和多羧基（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%B8%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酸性氨基酸</a>）氨基酸的解离</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="35" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">解离原则：先解离α-COOH，随后其他-COOH；然后解离α-NH<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">3</span><span class="normal" style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; cursor: default;">+</span>，随后其他-NH<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>。总之羧基<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A7%A3%E7%A6%BB%E5%BA%A6/1267777?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1267777" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">解离度</a>大于氨基，α-C上基团大于非α-C上同一基团的解离度。等电点的计算：首先写出解离方程，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%A4%E6%80%A7%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">两性离子</a>左右两端的表观解离常数的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%AF%B9%E6%95%B0/91326?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="91326" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">对数</a>的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%AF%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E5%80%BC/104868?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="104868" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">算术平均值</a>。一般<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/pI%E5%80%BC/2308981?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2308981" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">pI值</a>等于两个相近<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/pK%E5%80%BC/6037292?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6037292" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">pK值</a>之和的一半。如天冬氨酸、赖氨酸。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="36" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">4、氨基酸的酸碱<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%BB%B4%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">滴定曲线</a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="37" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">以甘氨酸为例：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94/22424?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="22424" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">摩尔</a>甘氨酸溶于水时，溶液pH为5.97，分别用标准<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/NaOH/6297522?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6297522" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">NaOH</a>和<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/HCl?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">HCl</a>滴定，以溶液pH值为<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BA%B5%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87/329879?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="329879" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">纵坐标</a>，加入HCl和NaOH的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%95%B0/7800447?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7800447" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">摩尔数</a>为<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%A8%AA%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87/1092922?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1092922" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">横坐标</a>作图，得到<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%BB%B4%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF/7238077?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7238077" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">滴定曲线</a>。该曲线一个十分重要的特点就是在pH=2.34和pH=9.60处有两个<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%8B%90%E7%82%B9/10380876?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10380876" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">拐点</a>，分别为其pK<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">1</span>和pK<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="38" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">对应密码子表</span></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="39" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%90/1517603?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1517603" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">密码子</a>，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/RNA/98142?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="98142" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">RNA</a>分子中每相邻的三个<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">核苷酸</a>编成一组，在<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90/7043821?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7043821" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">蛋白质合成</a>时，代表某一种氨基酸。科学家已经发现，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BD%BFRNA/3751932?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3751932" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">信使RNA</a>在细胞中能决定蛋白质分子中的氨基酸种类和排列次序。也就是说，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BD%BFRNA/3751932?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3751932" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">信使RNA</a>分子中的四种核苷酸（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9F%BA/467389?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="467389" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">碱基</a>）的序列能决定蛋白质分子中的20种氨基酸的序列。碱基数目与氨基酸种类、数目的对应关系是怎样的呢？为了确定这种关系，研究人员在试管中加入一个有120个碱基的信使RNA分子和<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8/12718445?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="12718445" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">合成蛋白质</a>所需的一切物质，结果产生出一个含40个氨基酸的多肽分子。可见，信使RNA分子上的三个碱基能决定一个氨基酸。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><table log-set-param="table_view" data-sort="sortDisabled" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; border-spacing: 0px; clear: both; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><caption style="padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 9px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px;">密码子</caption><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">第一个字母</div></td><td colspan="4" align="center" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">第二个字母</div></td><td rowspan="2" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">第三个字母</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">U</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">C</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">A</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">G</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">U</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">苯丙氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">丝氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">酪氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">半胱氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">U</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">U</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">苯丙氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">丝氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">酪氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">半胱氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">C</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">U</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亮氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">丝氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">终止</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">终止（或硒半胱氨酸）<span class="normal" style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; cursor: default;">①</span></div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">A</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">U</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亮氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">丝氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">终止（或吡咯赖氨酰）<span class="normal" style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; cursor: default;">②</span></div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">色氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">G</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">C</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亮氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">脯氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">组氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">精氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">U</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">C</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亮氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">脯氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">组氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">精氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">C</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">C</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亮氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">脯氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">谷氨酰胺</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">精氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">A</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">C</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亮氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">脯氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">谷氨酰胺</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">精氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">G</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">A</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">异亮氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">苏氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">天冬酰胺</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">丝氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">U</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">A</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">异亮氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">苏氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">天冬酰胺</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">丝氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">C</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">A</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">异亮氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">苏氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">赖氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">精氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">A</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">A</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">甲硫氨酸（起始）</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">苏氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">赖氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">精氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">G</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">G</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">缬氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">丙氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">天冬氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">甘氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">U</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">G</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">缬氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">丙氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">天冬氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">甘氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">C</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">G</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">缬氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">丙氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">谷氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">甘氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">A</div></td></tr><tr><td align="left" width="112" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">G</div></td><td align="left" width="153" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">缬氨酸（起始）</div></td><td align="left" width="83" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">丙氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="195" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">谷氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="196" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">甘氨酸</div></td><td align="left" width="113" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">G</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">注：①在遗传密码中，硒半胱氨酸的编码是UGA（即乳白密码子），通常用作终止密码子。但如果在mRNA中有一个硒半胱氨酸插入序列（SElenoCysteine Insertion Sequence, SECIS），UGA就用作<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A1%92%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4599351?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4599351" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">硒半胱氨酸</a>的编码。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">②<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%A1%E5%92%AF%E8%B5%96%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/5594479?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5594479" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">吡咯赖氨酸</a>在产<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7%E8%8F%8C/6627281?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6627281" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甲烷菌</a>的甲胺甲基转移酶中发现，是人类已知的第22种参与蛋白质生物合成的氨基酸，与标准氨基酸不同的是，它由<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BB%88%E6%AD%A2%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%90/3971447?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3971447" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">终止密码子</a>UAG的有义编码形成。</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="40" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br></span></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="40" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">结构通式</span></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="41" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><div class="lemma-picture J-lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 20px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); overflow: hidden; position: relative; float: right; clear: right; width: 220px;"><a style="text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none; width: 220px; height: 141.959px; display: inline !important;" data-log="text" title="图1 氨基酸结构通式" target="_blank" nslog-type="9317" class="image-link"><span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;">图1 氨基酸结构通式</span></a></div>氨基酸是指含有氨基的羧酸。生物体内的各种蛋白质是由20种基本氨基酸构成的。除<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%98%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甘氨酸</a>外均为L-α-氨基酸（其中脯氨酸是一种L-α-亚氨基酸），R-α-氨基酸其结构通式如图1（R基为可变基团）：</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="42" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">除甘氨酸外，其它蛋白质氨基酸的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%CE%B1-%E7%A2%B3%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90/4263095?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4263095" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">α-碳原子</a>均为<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%8D%E5%AF%B9%E7%A7%B0%E7%A2%B3%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90/4204745?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4204745" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">不对称碳原子</a>（即与α-碳原子<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%94%AE%E5%90%88/4885267?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4885267" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">键合</a>的四个<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3%E5%9F%BA/9304889?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9304889" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">取代基</a>各不相同），因此氨基酸可以有<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%93%E5%BC%82%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%93/2642877?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2642877" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">立体异构体</a>，即可以有不同的构型（D-型与L-型两种构型）。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a></div><div class="para-title level-2J-chapter" data-index="3" label-module="para-title" data-pid="43" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 35px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: -30px; clear: both; border-left: 12px solid rgb(79, 156, 238); line-height: 24px; font-size: 22px; background-image: url("<a href=" https:="" bkssl.bdimg.com="" static="" wiki-lemma="" normal="" resource="" img="" paratitle-line_743dba1.png""="" target="_blank"><h2 class="title-text" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 18px; font-size: 22px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); float: left; line-height: 24px; font-weight: 400; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">三、分类</h2><a class="audio-play part-audio-play J-part-audio-play" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; outline: 0px;"><span class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_voice-play" style="margin-right: 3px; font-family: baikeFont_layout; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; speak: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: text-bottom; color: rgb(170, 170, 170);"></span> </a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="44" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><br></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="44" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">22种蛋白质氨基酸在结构上的差别取决于侧链基团R的不同。通常根据R基团的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/2999651?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2999651" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">化学结构</a>或性质将22种氨基酸进行分类</div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="3_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_3_1" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="侧链基团分类" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="3-1" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-3" data-index="3_1" label-module="para-title" data-pid="45" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 12px; clear: both; zoom: 1; line-height: 20px; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 0px;"><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;">侧链基团分类</h3></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="46" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">非</span><span style="font-weight: 700;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9E%81%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/6715335?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6715335" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">极性氨基酸</a></span>（疏水氨基酸）共8种：</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="47" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/10699932?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10699932" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">丙氨酸</a>（Ala）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BC%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4453896?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4453896" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">缬氨酸</a>（Val）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BA%AE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4150020?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4150020" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">亮氨酸</a>（Leu）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BC%82%E4%BA%AE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/357462?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="357462" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">异亮氨酸</a>（Ile）<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%AF%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4929208?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4929208" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脯氨酸</a>（Pro）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8B%AF%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/7613951?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7613951" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">苯丙氨酸</a>（Phe）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%89%B2%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4312080?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4312080" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">色氨酸</a>（Trp）；蛋氨酸（Met）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%98%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/9261997?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9261997" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甘氨酸</a>（Gly）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="48" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">极性氨基酸（</span>亲水氨基酸）共13种：</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="49" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">极性不带电荷（中性氨基酸）：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%9D%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/6259298?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6259298" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">丝氨酸</a>（Ser）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8B%8F%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/11000489?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11000489" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">苏氨酸</a>（Thr）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4789920?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4789920" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">半胱氨酸</a>（Cys）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%AA%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/8022356?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8022356" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酪氨酸</a>（Tyr）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA/9782726?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9782726" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">天冬酰胺</a>（Asn）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA/2309897?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2309897" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">谷氨酰胺</a>（Gln）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A1%92%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4599351?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4599351" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">硒半胱氨酸</a>（Sec）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%A1%E5%92%AF%E8%B5%96%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/5594479?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5594479" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">吡咯赖氨酸</a>（Pyl）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="50" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9E%81%E6%80%A7%E5%B8%A6/2965448?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2965448" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">极性带</a><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E8%8D%B7/9538458?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9538458" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">正电荷</a>的氨基酸（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/9984106?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9984106" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">碱性氨基酸</a>）：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B5%96%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/559809?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="559809" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">赖氨酸</a>（Lys）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/559487?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="559487" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">精氨酸</a>（Arg）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BB%84%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/398794?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="398794" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">组氨酸</a>（His）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="51" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">极性带<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B4%9F%E7%94%B5%E8%8D%B7/9538486?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9538486" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">负电荷</a>的氨基酸（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%B8%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/9984145?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9984145" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酸性氨基酸</a>）：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/53171734?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="53171734" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">天冬氨酸</a>（Asp）；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/391963?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="391963" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">谷氨酸</a>（Glu）<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="6" data-ctrmap=":6," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a> <a name="ref_6" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_6" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a>。</div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="3_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_3_2" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="化学结构分类" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="3-2" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-3" data-index="3_2" label-module="para-title" data-pid="52" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 12px; clear: both; zoom: 1; line-height: 20px; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 0px;"><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;">化学结构分类</h3></div><ol class="custom_num para-list list-paddingleft-1" data-pid="53" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 2em; list-style: none; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><li class="list-num-1-1 list-num-paddingleft-1" style="margin-left: 0px; list-style: none;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="margin-left: 27px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">脂肪族氨基酸：丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、半胱氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、硒半胱氨酸</div></li><li class="list-num-1-2 list-num-paddingleft-1" style="margin-left: 0px; list-style: none;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="margin-left: 27px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8A%B3%E9%A6%99%E6%97%8F%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">芳香族氨基酸</a>：苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸</div></li><li class="list-num-1-3 list-num-paddingleft-1" style="margin-left: 0px; list-style: none;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="margin-left: 27px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">杂环氨基酸：组氨酸、脯氨酸、吡咯酪氨酸</div></li><li class="list-num-1-4 list-num-paddingleft-1" style="margin-left: 0px; list-style: none;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="margin-left: 27px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">杂环亚氨基酸：脯氨酸<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div></li></ol><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="3_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_3_3" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="营养学分类" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="3-3" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-3" data-index="3_3" label-module="para-title" data-pid="54" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 12px; clear: both; zoom: 1; line-height: 20px; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 0px;"><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;">营养学分类</h3></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="55" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">1、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/1182907?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1182907" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">必需氨基酸</a>（essential amino acid）：指人体（或其它<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9/339363?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="339363" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脊椎动物</a>）不能合成或合成速度远<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%8D%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94/22678297?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="22678297" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">不适应</a>机体的需要，必需由食物蛋白供给，这些氨基酸称为必需氨基酸。成人必需氨基酸的需要量约为蛋白质需要量的20%～37%。共有8种其作用分别是：</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="56" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">赖氨酸：促进大脑发育，是肝及胆的组成成分，能促进<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2/9604226?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9604226" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脂肪代谢</a>，调节<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9D%BE%E6%9E%9C%E8%85%BA/2567992?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2567992" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">松果腺</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B9%B3%E8%85%BA/3244503?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3244503" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">乳腺</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%BB%84%E4%BD%93/612313?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="612313" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">黄体</a>及卵巢，防止细胞退化；</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="57" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">色氨酸：促进胃液及<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%83%B0%E6%B6%B2/3239649?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3239649" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">胰液</a>的产生；</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="58" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">苯丙氨酸：参与消除肾及膀胱功能的损耗；</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="59" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">蛋氨酸（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B2%E7%A1%AB%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/11003134?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11003134" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甲硫氨酸</a>）：参与组成<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD/94131?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="94131" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">血红蛋白</a>、组织与血清，有促进脾脏、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%83%B0%E8%84%8F/10306638?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10306638" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">胰脏</a>及淋巴的功能；</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="60" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">苏氨酸：有转变某些氨基酸达到平衡的功能；</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="61" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">异亮氨酸：参与胸腺、脾脏及脑下腺的调节以及代谢；脑下腺属总司令部作用于甲状腺、性腺；</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="62" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">亮氨酸：作用平衡异亮氨酸；</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="63" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">缬氨酸：作用于黄体、乳腺及卵巢。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="64" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">2、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8D%8A%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/3286559?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3286559" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">半必需氨基酸</a>和<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/3138963?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3138963" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">条件必需氨基酸</a>：</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="65" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">精氨酸：精氨酸与<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A7%E8%83%86%E9%85%B8/5897220?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5897220" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脱氧胆酸</a>制成的复合制剂（明诺芬）是主治<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92/456145?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="456145" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">梅毒</a>、病毒性黄疸等病的有效药物。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="66" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">组氨酸：可作为<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E8%AF%95%E5%89%82/5979955?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5979955" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">生化试剂</a>和药剂，还可用于治疗<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F%E7%97%85/1441350?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1441350" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">心脏病</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B4%AB%E8%A1%80/1080?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1080" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">贫血</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%A3%8E%E6%B9%BF%E6%80%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%82%E7%82%8E/1374676?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1374676" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">风湿性关节炎</a>等的药物。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="67" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">人体虽能够合成精氨酸和组氨酸，但通常不能满足正常的需要，因此，又被称为<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8D%8A%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">半必需氨基酸</a>或<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/3138963?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3138963" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">条件必需氨基酸</a>，在幼儿<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF%E6%9C%9F/9443799?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9443799" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">生长期</a>这两种是必需氨基酸。人体对<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">必需氨基酸</a>的需要量随着年龄的增加而下降，成人比婴儿显著下降。（近年很多资料和教科书将组氨酸划入成人必需氨基酸）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="68" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">3、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9D%9E%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">非必需氨基酸</a>（nonessentialamino acid）：指人（或其它脊椎动物）自己能由简单的前体合成，不需要从食物中获得的氨基酸。例如甘氨酸、丙氨酸等氨基酸。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="69" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">缩写符号</span></div><table log-set-param="table_view" data-sort="sortDisabled" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; border-spacing: 0px; clear: both; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><caption style="padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 9px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px;">氨基酸缩写</caption><tbody><tr><th align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">名称</div></th><th align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">三字符号</div></th><th align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 22px; height: 23px; border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">单字符号</div></th></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">丙氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Ala</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">A</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">精氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Arg</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">R</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">天冬氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Asp</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">D</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">半胱氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Cys</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">C</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">谷氨酰胺</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Gln</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Q</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">谷氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Glu</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">E</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">组氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">His</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">H</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">异亮氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Ile</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">I</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">甘氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Gly</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">G</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">天冬酰胺</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Asn</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">N</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">亮氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Leu</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">L</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">赖氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Lys</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">K</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">甲硫氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Met</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">M</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">苯丙氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Phe</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">F</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">脯氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Pro</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">P</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">丝氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Ser</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">S</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">苏氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Thr</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">T</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">色氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Trp</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">W</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">酪氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Tyr</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Y</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">缬氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Val</div></td><td align="center" width="252" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">V</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" height="30" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">硒半胱氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" height="30" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Sec</div></td><td align="center" width="252" height="30" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">U</div></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="307" height="30" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">吡咯赖氨酸</div></td><td align="center" width="252" height="30" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">Pyl</div></td><td align="center" width="252" height="30" style="padding: 2px 10px; border-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); line-height: 22px; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="para" label-module="para" style="line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; height: auto; word-break: break-all;">O</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="para-title level-2J-chapter" data-index="4" label-module="para-title" data-pid="70" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 35px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: -30px; clear: both; border-left: 12px solid rgb(79, 156, 238); line-height: 24px; font-size: 22px; background-image: url("<a href=" https:="" bkssl.bdimg.com="" static="" wiki-lemma="" normal="" resource="" img="" paratitle-line_743dba1.png""="" target="_blank"><h2 class="title-text" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 18px; font-size: 22px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); float: left; line-height: 24px; font-weight: 400; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><br><br>四、作用</h2><div><br></div><a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="4" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma" data-filtered="filtered" style="margin-right: 3px; font-family: baikeFont_layout; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; speak: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; outline: 0px; vertical-align: -2px; color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 14px;"></span><br></a><a class="audio-play part-audio-play J-part-audio-play" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; outline: 0px;"><span class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_voice-play" style="margin-right: 3px; font-family: baikeFont_layout; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; speak: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: text-bottom; color: rgb(170, 170, 170);"></span> </a></div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="4_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_4_1" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="概述" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="4-1" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-3" data-index="4_1" label-module="para-title" data-pid="71" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 12px; clear: both; zoom: 1; line-height: 20px; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 0px;"><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;"><br></h3><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;">概述</h3></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="72" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">氨基酸在人体内通过代谢可以发挥下列一些作用：①合成<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD/9127216?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9127216" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">组织蛋白</a>质；②变成酸、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0/45268?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="45268" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">激素</a>、抗体、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%82%8C%E9%85%B8/2691955?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2691955" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">肌酸</a>等含<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A8%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8/16524081?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="16524081" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氨物质</a>；③转变为<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%B4%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9/88328?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="88328" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">碳水化合物</a>和脂肪；④氧化成<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3/349143?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="349143" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">二氧化碳</a>和水及<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0/775880?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="775880" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">尿素</a>，产生能量。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="72" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><br></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="72" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"></div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="4_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_4_2" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="生理调节" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="4-2" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-3" data-index="4_2" label-module="para-title" data-pid="73" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 12px; clear: both; zoom: 1; line-height: 20px; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 0px;"><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;"><br></h3><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;"><br></h3><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;">生理调节</h3></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="74" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">蛋白质在<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB/6241704?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6241704" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">食物营养</a>中的作用是显而易见的，但它在人体内并不能直接被利用，而是通过变成氨基酸<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B0%8F%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90/1365685?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1365685" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">小分子</a>后被利用的。即它在人体的胃肠道内并不直接被人体所吸收，而是在胃肠道中经过多种<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%85%B6/5269996?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5269996" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">消化酶</a>的作用，将高分子<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3/1873551?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1873551" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">蛋白质分解</a>为低分子的多肽或氨基酸后，在小肠内被吸收，沿着<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%82%9D%E9%97%A8%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89/7393467?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7393467" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">肝门静脉</a>进入肝脏。一部分氨基酸在肝脏内进行分解或<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8/12718445?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="12718445" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">合成蛋白质</a>；另一部分氨基酸继续随血液分布到各个<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98/4536359?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4536359" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">组织器官</a>，任其选用，合成各种<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%82%E6%80%A7/9839939?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9839939" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">特异性</a>的组织蛋白质。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="75" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">在正常情况下，氨基酸进入血液中与其输出速度几乎相等，所以正常人血液中氨基酸含量相当恒定。如以氨基氮计，每百毫升血浆中含量为4～6毫克，每百毫升<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A1%80%E7%90%83/9773687?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9773687" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">血球</a>中含量为6.5～9.6毫克。饱餐蛋白质后，大量氨基酸被吸收，血中氨基酸水平暂时升高，经过6～7小时后，含量又恢复正常。说明体内<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2/3761246?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3761246" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氨基酸代谢</a>处于<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1/2665466?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2665466" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">动态平衡</a>，以血液氨基酸为其平衡枢纽，肝脏是血液氨基酸的重要<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%83%E8%8A%82%E5%99%A8/3034871?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3034871" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">调节器</a>。因此，食物蛋白质经消化分解为氨基酸后被人体所吸收，抗体利用这些氨基酸再合成自身的蛋白质。人体对蛋白质的需要实际上是对氨基酸的需要。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="76" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">当每日膳食中蛋白质的质和量适宜时，摄入的氮量由粪、尿和皮肤排出的氮量相等，称之为氮的总平衡。实际上是蛋白质和氨基酸之间不断合成与分解之间的平衡。正常人每日食进的蛋白质应保持在一定范围内，突然增减食入量时，机体尚能<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%83%E8%8A%82%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8/2267483?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2267483" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">调节蛋白质</a>的代谢量维持<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%AE%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1/3759073?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3759073" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氮平衡</a>。食入过量蛋白质，超出机体调节能力，平衡机制就会被破坏。完全不吃蛋白质，体内组织蛋白依然分解，持续出现<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B4%9F%E6%B0%AE%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1/4272716?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4272716" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">负氮平衡</a>，如不及时采取措施纠正，终将导致抗体死亡。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="77" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">氨基酸<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2/3758403?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3758403" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">分解代谢</a>所产生的α-<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8/6757595?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6757595" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酮酸</a>，随着不同特性，循糖或脂的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E9%80%94%E5%BE%84/3759920?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3759920" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">代谢途径</a>进行代谢。α-酮酸可再合成新的氨基酸，或转变为糖或脂肪，或进入<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%89%E7%BE%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF/3911884?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3911884" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">三羧循环</a>，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3/3620691?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3620691" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氧化分解</a>成CO<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>和H<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>O，并放出能量。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="78" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">某些氨基酸<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">分解代谢</a>过程中产生含有一个<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A2%B3%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90/8784262?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8784262" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">碳原子</a>的基团，包括甲基、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BA%9A%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA/3779491?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3779491" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">亚甲基</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%AF%E5%9F%BA/12729515?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="12729515" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甲烯基</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B2%E7%82%94/1470796?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1470796" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甲炔</a>基、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B2%E9%85%9A/3011034?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3011034" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甲酚</a>基及亚氨甲基等。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="79" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%80%E7%A2%B3%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D/4199128?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4199128" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">一碳单位</a>具有以下两个特点：1.不能在生物体内以游离形式存在；2.必须以<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%A2%E5%8F%B6%E9%85%B8/5684156?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5684156" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">四氢叶酸</a>为载体。 能生成一碳单位的氨基酸有：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%9D%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/6259298?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6259298" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">丝氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%89%B2%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4312080?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4312080" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">色氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BB%84%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/398794?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="398794" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">组氨酸</a>、甘氨酸。另外蛋氨酸（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%B2%E7%A1%AB%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/11003134?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11003134" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甲硫氨酸</a>）可通过<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/S-%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7%E7%94%B2%E7%A1%AB%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/2069168?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2069168" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">S-腺苷甲硫氨酸</a>（SAM）提供“活性甲基”（一碳单位），因此蛋氨酸也可生成一碳单位。一碳单位的主要<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD/15096742?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="15096742" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">生理功能</a>是作为<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4/102291?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="102291" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">嘌呤</a>和<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%98%A7%E5%95%B6/2257165?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2257165" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">嘧啶</a>的合成原料，是氨基酸和<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8/2115624?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2115624" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">核苷酸</a>联系的纽带。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="80" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">参与构成酶、激素、部分维生素。酶的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AC%E8%B4%A8/4521783?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4521783" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">化学本质</a>是蛋白质（氨基酸分子构成），如<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B7%80%E7%B2%89%E9%85%B6/3853119?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3853119" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">淀粉酶</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%83%83%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E9%85%B6/4438981?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4438981" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">胃蛋白酶</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%83%86%E7%A2%B1%E8%84%82%E9%85%B6/862655?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="862655" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">胆碱脂酶</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%85%90%E9%85%B6/10910506?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10910506" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">碳酸酐酶</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BD%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B6/520650?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="520650" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">转氨酶</a>等。<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%AB%E6%B0%AE%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0/8405860?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8405860" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">含氮激素</a>的成分是蛋白质或其衍生物，如<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0/4783142?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4783142" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">生长激素</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BF%83%E7%94%B2%E7%8A%B6%E8%85%BA%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0/6262024?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6262024" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">促甲状腺激素</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%82%BE%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%BA%E7%B4%A0?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">肾上腺素</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%83%B0%E5%B2%9B%E7%B4%A0/107964?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="107964" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">胰岛素</a>、促<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%82%A0%E6%B6%B2/640057?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="640057" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">肠液</a>激素等。有的维生素是由氨基酸转变或与蛋白质结合存在。酶、激素、维生素在调节生理<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9C%BA%E8%83%BD/719076?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="719076" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">机能</a>、催化代谢过程中起着十分重要的作用。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="4_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_4_3" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="医疗作用" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="4-3" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-3" data-index="4_3" label-module="para-title" data-pid="81" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 12px; clear: both; zoom: 1; line-height: 20px; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 0px;"><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;">医疗作用</h3></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="82" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">氨基酸在医药上主要用来制备<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%8D%E6%96%B9%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/12669657?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="12669657" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">复方氨基酸</a>输液，也用作治疗药物和用于<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%A4%9A%E8%82%BD/3612002?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3612002" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">合成多肽</a>药物。用作药物的氨基酸有一百几十种，其中包括构成蛋白质的氨基酸有20种和构成非蛋白质的氨基酸有100多种。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="83" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">由多种<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90/12727033?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="12727033" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氨基酸组成</a>的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%8D%E6%96%B9%E5%88%B6%E5%89%82/252735?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="252735" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">复方制剂</a>在现代<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E8%BE%93%E6%B6%B2/54164787?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="54164787" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">静脉营养输液</a>以及“<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%A0%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F/5862115?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5862115" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">要素饮食</a>”疗法中占有非常重要的地位，对维持危重病人的营养，抢救患者生命起积极作用，成为现代医疗中不可少的医药品种之一。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="84" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/391963?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="391963" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">谷氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/559487?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="559487" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">精氨酸</a>、天门冬氨酸、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/10451109?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10451109" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">胱氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/L-%E5%A4%9A%E5%B7%B4/5209488?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5209488" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">L-多巴</a>等氨基酸单独作用治疗一些疾病，主要用于治疗<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%82%9D%E7%97%85/11016714?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11016714" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">肝病</a>疾病、消化道疾病、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%91%E7%97%85/210463?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="210463" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脑病</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%97%85/11006672?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11006672" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">心血管病</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85/4977909?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4977909" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">呼吸道疾病</a>以及用于提高肌肉活力、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%84%BF%E7%A7%91/4202674?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4202674" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">儿科</a>营养和解毒等。此外<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8%E8%A1%8D%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9/7347726?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7347726" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氨基酸衍生物</a>在<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87/151056?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="151056" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">癌症</a>治疗上出现了希望。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="4_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_4_4" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="物质基础" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="4-4" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-3" data-index="4_4" label-module="para-title" data-pid="85" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 12px; clear: both; zoom: 1; line-height: 20px; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 0px;"><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;">物质基础</h3></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="86" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">正如恩格斯所说：“蛋白质是生命的物质基础，生命是蛋白质存在的一种形式。”如果人体内缺少蛋白质，轻者体质下降，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2%E8%BF%9F%E7%BC%93/8903622?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8903622" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">发育迟缓</a>，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E5%8A%9B/2678996?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2678996" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">抵抗力</a>减弱，贫血乏力，重者形成水肿，甚至危及生命。一旦失去了蛋白质，生命也就不复存在，故有人称蛋白质为“生命的载体”。可以说，它是生命的第一要素。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="87" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">蛋白质的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D/10189558?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10189558" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">基本单位</a>是氨基酸。如果人体缺乏任何一种<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/1182907?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1182907" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">必需氨基酸</a>，就可导致生理功能异常，影响机体代谢的正常进行，最后导致疾病。即使缺乏某些<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9D%9E%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/3750011?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3750011" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">非必需氨基酸</a>，会产生机体<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D/4347065?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4347065" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">代谢障碍</a>。精氨酸和<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%93%9C%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/7819608?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7819608" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">瓜氨酸</a>对形成尿素十分重要；<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">胱氨酸</a>摄入不足就会引起胰岛素减少，血糖升高。又如创伤后胱氨酸和精氨酸的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E9%87%8F/8629455?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8629455" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">需要量</a>大增，如缺乏，即使热能充足仍不能顺利合成蛋白质。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="4_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_4_5" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="食物" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="4-5" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-3" data-index="4_5" label-module="para-title" data-pid="88" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 12px; clear: both; zoom: 1; line-height: 20px; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 0px;"><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;">食物</h3></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="89" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">成人必需氨基酸的需要量约为蛋白质需要量的20%～37%。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="90" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">氨基酸在食品中的作用不可忽视，有的是<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%83%E5%91%B3%E5%89%82/9651964?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9651964" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">调味剂</a>，有的是<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E5%BC%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82/2908530?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2908530" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">营养强化剂</a>，有的可起增香作用等。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="91" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">1．氨基酸的味</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="92" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">大多数氨基酸都有味感，在食品中起着酸、甜、苦、涩等味的作用。色氨酸无毒，甜度强，它及其衍生物是很有发展前途的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%9C%E5%91%B3%E5%89%82/2532096?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2532096" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">甜味剂</a>。还有一些<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%B6%E6%80%A7/8589688?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8589688" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">水溶性</a>小的氨基酸具有苦味，是食品加工中<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E6%B0%B4%E8%A7%A3/5438740?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5438740" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">蛋白质水解</a>的产物。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="93" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">谷氨酸主要存在于<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD/5064496?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5064496" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">植物蛋白</a>中，可用小麦产面筋<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%B4%E8%A7%A3/15559920?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="15559920" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">蛋白水解</a>得到。谷氨酸具有酸味和鲜味两种味，其中以酸味为主。当加碱适当中和后生成<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0/5385210?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5385210" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">谷氨酸钠</a>盐；生成盐以后，谷氨酸的酸味消失，鲜味增强。谷氨酸钠是广泛使用的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%B2%9C%E5%91%B3%E5%89%82/6199906?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6199906" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">鲜味剂</a>——味精的主要成分。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="94" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">2．风味的前提物质之一</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="95" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">氨基酸与糖类物质发生<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BE%B0%E6%B0%A8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94/10928224?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10928224" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">羰氨反应</a>是食品加工中重要的香气和上色的重要原因，在<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B/1983212?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1983212" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">反应过程</a>中消耗了一部分氨基酸和糖，生成了风味物质。氨基酸也会加热分解生成某些风味物质，或在细菌的分解下产生具有异味的物质，所以氨基酸是风味物质的前提物质，也是<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%85%90%E8%B4%A5%E8%8F%8C/5155897?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5155897" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">腐败菌</a>的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8/11008920?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11008920" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">营养物质</a>。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="6" data-ctrmap=":6," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_6" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_6" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="96" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">蛋白质是一类<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8/12583949?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="12583949" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">大分子物质</a>，可以在酸、碱或<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E9%85%B6/4801364?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4801364" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">蛋白酶</a>的作用下水解为小分子物质：蛋白质彻底水解后，能得到其基本组成单位——氨基酸（amino acid）。存在于自然界中的氨基酸有300余种，但是参与构成蛋白质的氨基酸通常有20种，并且它们均属于L-<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%CE%B1-%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/4602054?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4602054" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">α-氨基酸</a>（甘氨酸除外）。这些氨基酸以不同的连接顺序通过<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%82%BD%E9%94%AE/1139309?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1139309" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">肽键</a>连接起来构成蛋白质<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="5" data-ctrmap=":5," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a> <a name="ref_5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a>。</div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="4_6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_4_6" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="代谢途径" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="4-6" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-3" data-index="4_6" label-module="para-title" data-pid="97" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 12px; clear: both; zoom: 1; line-height: 20px; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 0px;"><h3 class="title-text" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;">代谢途径</h3></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="98" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">氨基酸参与代谢的具体途径有以下几条：</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="99" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">主要在肝脏中进行：包括如下几种过程：</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="100" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">1、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8/10067938?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10067938" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氧化脱氨基作用</a>：第一步，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A2/2837233?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2837233" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脱氢</a>，生成<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%BA/1611412?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1611412" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">亚胺</a>；第二步，水解。生成的H<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>O<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>有毒，在<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BF%87%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2%E9%85%B6/4685828?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4685828" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">过氧化氢酶</a>催化下，生成H<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>O和O<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>，解除对细胞的毒害。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="101" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">2、非氧化<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA/12732232?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="12732232" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脱氨基</a>作用：①还原脱氨基（严格无氧条件下）；②水解脱氨基；③脱水脱氨基；④脱<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B7%AF%E5%9F%BA/10713554?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10713554" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">巯基</a>脱氨基；⑤氧化-还原脱氨基，两个氨基酸互相发生<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94/578183?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="578183" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氧化还原反应</a>，生成<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%85%B8/8073143?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8073143" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">有机酸</a>、酮酸、氨；⑥脱酰胺基作用。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="102" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">3、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BD%AC%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8/9410465?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9410465" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">转氨基作用</a>：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BD%AC%E6%B0%A8/545952?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="545952" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">转氨</a>作用是氨基酸<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A8/545511?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="545511" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脱氨</a>的重要方式，除<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/Gly/15481953?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="15481953" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">Gly</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/Lys/10298284?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10298284" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">Lys</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/Thr/7889591?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7889591" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">Thr</a>、Pro外，大部分氨基酸都能参与转氨基作用。α-氨基酸和α-酮酸之间发生氨基<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BD%AC%E7%A7%BB%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8/55459080?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="55459080" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">转移作用</a>，结果是原来的氨基酸生成相应的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酮酸</a>，而原来的酮酸生成相应的氨基酸。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="103" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">4、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8/5365293?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5365293" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">联合脱氨基作用</a>：单靠转氨基作用不能最终脱掉氨基，单靠氧化脱氨基作用也不能满足机体脱氨基的需要。机体借助<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8/5365293?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5365293" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">联合脱氨基作用</a>可以迅速脱去氨基：1、以<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A2%E9%85%B6/8699227?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8699227" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">谷氨酸脱氢酶</a>为中心的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA/5296772?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5296772" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">联合脱氨基</a>作用。氨基酸的α-氨基先转到<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%CE%B1-%E9%85%AE%E6%88%8A%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%B8/4222614?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4222614" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">α-酮戊二酸</a>上，生成相应的α-酮酸和Glu，然后在L-Glu<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B6/5609707?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5609707" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脱氨酶</a>催化下，脱氨基生成α-酮戊二酸，并释放出氨。2、通过<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF/7613641?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7613641" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">嘌呤核苷酸循环</a>的联合脱氨基做用。<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC%E8%82%8C/1148516?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1148516" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">骨骼肌</a>、心肌、肝脏、脑都是以嘌呤核苷酸循环的方式为主。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="104" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">生物体内大部分氨基酸可进行<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%B1%E7%BE%A7%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8/5631672?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5631672" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脱羧作用</a>，生成相应的一级胺。<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8%E8%84%B1%E7%BE%A7%E9%85%B6/6973954?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6973954" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氨基酸脱羧酶</a><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%80%E6%80%A7/9463076?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9463076" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">专一性</a>很强，每一种氨基酸都有一种<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%B1%E7%BE%A7%E9%85%B6/5609323?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5609323" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脱羧酶</a>，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BE%85%E9%85%B6/1318456?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1318456" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">辅酶</a>都是<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E5%90%A1%E5%93%86%E9%86%9B/8400765?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8400765" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">磷酸吡哆醛</a>。氨基酸<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%B1%E7%BE%A7%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94/5889011?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5889011" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脱羧反应</a>广泛存在于动、植物和微生物中，有些产物具有重要生理功能，如<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%91%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87/358521?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="358521" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脑组织</a>中L-Glu脱羧生成r-氨基<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%81%E9%85%B8/1512823?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1512823" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">丁酸</a>，是重要的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E9%80%92%E8%B4%A8/7514143?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7514143" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">神经递质</a>。His脱羧生成<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BB%84%E8%83%BA/6050243?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6050243" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">组胺</a>（又称组织胺），有降低血压的作用。<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/Tyr/59853804?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="59853804" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">Tyr</a>脱羧生成<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%AA%E8%83%BA/2763523?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2763523" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酪胺</a>，有升高血压的作用。但大多数胺类对动物有毒，体内有<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%83%BA%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%85%B6/12732174?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="12732174" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">胺氧化酶</a>，能将胺氧化为醛和氨。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="105" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">因此，氨基酸在人体中的存在，不仅提供了合成蛋白质的重要原料，而且对于促进生长，进行正常代谢、维持生命提供了物质基础。如果人体缺乏或减少其中某一种，人体的正常生命代谢就会受到障碍，甚至导致各种疾病的发生或<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8/8609523?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8609523" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">生命活动</a>终止。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a></div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_5" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="制备方法" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-2J-chapter" data-index="5" label-module="para-title" data-pid="106" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 35px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: -30px; clear: both; border-left: 12px solid rgb(79, 156, 238); line-height: 24px; font-size: 22px; background-image: url("<a href=" https:="" bkssl.bdimg.com="" static="" wiki-lemma="" normal="" resource="" img="" paratitle-line_743dba1.png""="" target="_blank"><br><h2 class="title-text" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 18px; font-size: 22px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); float: left; line-height: 24px; font-weight: 400; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">五、制备方法</h2><a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="5" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><br></a><a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="5" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma" data-filtered="filtered" style="margin-right: 3px; font-family: baikeFont_layout; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; speak: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; outline: 0px; vertical-align: -2px; color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 14px;"></span><br></a><a class="audio-play part-audio-play J-part-audio-play" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; outline: 0px;"><span class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_voice-play" style="margin-right: 3px; font-family: baikeFont_layout; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; speak: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: text-bottom; color: rgb(170, 170, 170);"></span> </a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="107" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br></span></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="107" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><span style="font-weight: 700; text-indent: 2em;">合成</span></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="108" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">组成蛋白质的大部分氨基酸是以埃姆登-迈耶霍夫（<i>Embden－Meyerhof</i>）途径与<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF/3160667?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3160667" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">柠檬酸循环</a>的中间物为<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A2%B3%E9%93%BE/6845472?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6845472" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">碳链</a>骨架<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%90%88%E6%88%90/3583180?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3583180" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">生物合成</a>的。例外的是<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8A%B3%E9%A6%99%E6%97%8F%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/3128912?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3128912" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">芳香族氨基酸</a>、组氨酸，前者的生物合成与<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8/849014?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="849014" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">磷酸</a><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%88%8A%E7%B3%96/10750273?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10750273" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">戊糖</a>的中间物<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B5%A4%E8%97%93%E7%B3%96/2369952?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2369952" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">赤藓糖</a>-4-磷酸有关，后者是由<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/ATP/16268?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="16268" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">ATP</a>与<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E7%84%A6%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8/4823118?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4823118" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">磷酸核糖焦磷酸</a>合成的。<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9/147527?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="147527" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">微生物</a>和植物能在体内合成所有的氨基酸，动物有一部分氨基酸不能在体内合成（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">必需氨基酸</a>）。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="109" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/1182907?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1182907" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">必需氨基酸</a>一般由碳水化合物代谢的中间物，经多步反应（6步以上）而进行生物合成的，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9D%9E%E5%BF%85%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8/3750011?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3750011" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">非必需氨基酸</a>的合成所需的酶约14种，而必需氨基酸的合成则需要更多的，约有60种酶参与。生物合成的氨基酸除作为蛋白质的合成原料外，还用于<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A2%B1/1315973?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1315973" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">生物碱</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9C%A8%E8%B4%A8%E7%B4%A0/146275?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="146275" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">木质素</a>等的合成。另一方面，氨基酸在生物体内由于氨基转移或氧化等生成<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酮酸</a>而被分解，或由于<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%B1%E7%BE%A7/8604135?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8604135" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脱羧</a>转变成胺后被分解<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref__15155" id="ref__15155" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: relative; top: -100px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0;"> </a> <a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a><a name="ref_7" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);"></a>。</div><div class="anchor-list " style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; position: relative; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px;"><a name="6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub15155_6" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="检测方法" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><div class="para-title level-2J-chapter" data-index="6" label-module="para-title" data-pid="110" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 35px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: -30px; clear: both; border-left: 12px solid rgb(79, 156, 238); line-height: 24px; font-size: 22px; background-image: url("<a href=" https:="" bkssl.bdimg.com="" static="" wiki-lemma="" normal="" resource="" img="" paratitle-line_743dba1.png""="" target="_blank"><br><h2 class="title-text" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 18px; font-size: 22px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); float: left; line-height: 24px; font-weight: 400; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">六、检测方法</h2><a class="audio-play part-audio-play J-part-audio-play" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; outline: 0px;"><span class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_voice-play" style="margin-right: 3px; font-family: baikeFont_layout; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; speak: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: text-bottom; color: rgb(170, 170, 170);"></span> </a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="111" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><br></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="111" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">1、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8C%9A%E4%B8%89%E9%85%AE%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94/1476641?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1476641" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">茚三酮反应</a>（ninhydrin reaction）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="112" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">试剂：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8C%9A%E4%B8%89%E9%85%AE/2695581?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2695581" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">茚三酮</a>（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BC%B1%E9%85%B8/10492312?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10492312" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">弱酸</a>环境加热）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="113" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">颜色：紫色（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%84%AF%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4929208?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4929208" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">脯氨酸</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BE%9F%E8%84%AF%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/5486554?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="5486554" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">羟脯氨酸</a>为黄色）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="114" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">原理：检验α-氨基酸</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="115" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">2、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%9D%82%E5%8F%A3%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">坂口反应</a> （Sakaguchi reaction）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="116" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">试剂：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%CE%B1-%E8%90%98%E9%85%9A/9464210?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9464210" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">α-萘酚</a>+碱性<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%AC%A1%E6%BA%B4%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0/4345086?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4345086" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">次溴酸钠</a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="117" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">颜色：红色</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="118" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">原理：检验胍基，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/559487?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="559487" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">精氨酸</a>有此反应</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="119" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">3、米隆反应（又称<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%B1%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%B0%8F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94/4830959?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4830959" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">米伦氏反应</a>）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="120" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">试剂： HgNO<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">3</span>+HNO<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">3</span><span class="normal" style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; cursor: default;">+</span>（加热）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="121" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">颜色：红色</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="122" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">原理：检验酚基，酪氨酸有此反应，未加热则为白色</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="123" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">4、Folin-Ciocalteau反应（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%9A%E8%AF%95%E5%89%82%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94/6548436?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="6548436" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酚试剂反应</a>）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="124" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">试剂：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A3%B7%E9%92%A8%E9%85%B8/3612302?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3612302" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">磷钨酸</a>-<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A3%B7%E9%92%BC%E9%85%B8/9120762?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="9120762" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">磷钼酸</a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="125" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">颜色：蓝色</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="126" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">原理：检验酚基，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%85%AA%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/8022356?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8022356" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">酪氨酸</a>有此反应</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="127" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">5、黄蛋白反应</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="128" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">试剂：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B5%93%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8/7275542?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7275542" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">浓硝酸</a>（煮沸）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="129" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">颜色：黄色</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="130" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">原理：检验<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8B%AF%E7%8E%AF/7907286?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7907286" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">苯环</a>， 酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸有此反应</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="131" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">6、Hopkin-Cole反应（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9B%E9%85%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94/2565734?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="2565734" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">乙醛酸反应</a>）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="132" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">试剂：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9B%E9%85%B8/3808440?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3808440" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">乙醛酸</a>，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B5%93%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8/1101897?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1101897" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">浓硫酸</a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="133" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">颜色：紫红色</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="134" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">原理：检验<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%B2%E5%93%9A%E5%9F%BA/688199?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="688199" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">吲哚基</a>，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%89%B2%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4312080?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4312080" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">色氨酸</a>有此反应</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="135" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">7、Ehrlich反应</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="136" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">试剂：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E8%8B%AF%E7%94%B2%E9%86%9B/10891154?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10891154" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">对二甲氨基苯甲醛</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B5%93%E7%9B%90%E9%85%B8/10341499?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10341499" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">浓盐酸</a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="137" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">颜色：蓝色</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="138" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">原理：检验吲哚基，色氨酸有此反应</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="139" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">8、硝普盐试验</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="140" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">试剂：Na<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>(NO)Fe(CN)<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>·2H<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>O、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A8%80%E6%B0%A8%E6%B0%B4/7527587?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="7527587" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">稀氨水</a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="141" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">颜色：红色</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="142" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">原理：检验<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B7%AF%E5%9F%BA/10713554?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="10713554" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">巯基</a>，<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8/4789920?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4789920" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">半胱氨酸</a>有此反应</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="143" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">9、Sulliwan反应</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="144" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">试剂：<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/1%2C2-%E8%90%98%E9%86%8C-4-%E7%A3%BA%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0/1673321?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1673321" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠</a>、Na<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>SO<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">3</span></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="145" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">颜色：红色</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="146" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">原理：检验巯基，半胱氨酸有此反应</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="147" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">10、Folin反应</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="148" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">试剂：1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠（<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83/53441949?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="53441949" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">碱性环境</a>）</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="149" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">颜色：深红色</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="150" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">原理：检验α－氨基酸</div><div class="para-title level-2J-chapter" data-index="7" label-module="para-title" data-pid="151" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", SimHei, Verdana; margin-top: 35px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: -30px; clear: both; border-left: 12px solid rgb(79, 156, 238); line-height: 24px; font-size: 22px; background-image: url("<a href=" https:="" bkssl.bdimg.com="" static="" wiki-lemma="" normal="" resource="" img="" paratitle-line_743dba1.png""="" target="_blank"><h2 class="title-text" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 18px; font-size: 22px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); float: left; line-height: 24px; font-weight: 400; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">七、相关概念</h2><a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="7" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma" data-filtered="filtered" style="margin-right: 3px; font-family: baikeFont_layout; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; speak: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; outline: 0px; vertical-align: -2px; color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 14px;"></span><br></a><a class="audio-play part-audio-play J-part-audio-play" style="padding-left: 24px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: block; float: right; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; outline: 0px;"><span class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_voice-play" style="margin-right: 3px; font-family: baikeFont_layout; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; speak: none; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: text-bottom; color: rgb(170, 170, 170);"></span> </a></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="152" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><br></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="152" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%82%BD%E9%94%AE?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">肽键</a>（peptide bond）：一个氨基酸的羧基与另一个氨基酸的氨基缩合，除去一分子水形成的酰胺键。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="153" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">肽（peptide）：两个或两个以上氨基酸通过肽键<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7/3517114?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3517114" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">共价</a>连接形成的聚合物。是氨基酸通过肽键相连的化合物，蛋白质不完全水解的产物也是肽。肽按其组成的氨基酸数目为2个、3个和4个等不同而分别称为<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BA%8C%E8%82%BD/4105891?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="4105891" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">二肽</a>、<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%89%E8%82%BD/3571104?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3571104" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">三肽</a>和四肽等，一般含10个以下氨基酸组成的称<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%AF%A1%E8%82%BD/1067118?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="1067118" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">寡肽</a>（oligopeptide），由10个以上氨基酸组成的称多肽（polypeptide），它们都简称为肽。<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%82%BD%E9%93%BE/8625112?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="8625112" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">肽链</a>中的氨基酸已不是游离的氨基酸分子，因为其氨基和羧基在生成肽键中都被结合掉了，因此多肽和蛋白质分子中的氨基酸均称为<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8%E6%AE%8B%E5%9F%BA/11031203?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11031203" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氨基酸残基</a>（amino acid residue）。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="154" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">多肽和蛋白质的区别，一方面是多肽中氨基酸残基数较蛋白质少，一般少于50个，而蛋白质大多由100个以上<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8%E6%AE%8B%E5%9F%BA/11031203?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="11031203" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">氨基酸残基</a>组成，但它们之间在数量上也没有严格的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%88%86%E7%95%8C%E7%BA%BF/79262?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="79262" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">分界线</a>，除分子量外，还认为多肽一般没有严密并相对稳定的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/3077578?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3077578" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">空间结构</a>，即其空间结构比较易变具有<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%AF%E5%A1%91%E6%80%A7/3808922?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="3808922" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">可塑性</a>，而蛋白质分子则具有相对严密、比较稳定的空间结构，这也是蛋白质发挥生理功能的基础，因此一般将<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%83%B0%E5%B2%9B%E7%B4%A0?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">胰岛素</a>划归为蛋白质。但有些书上也还不严格地称胰岛素为多肽，因其分子量较小。但多肽和蛋白质都是氨基酸的多聚<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BC%A9%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9/56295754?fromModule=lemma_inlink" data-lemmaid="56295754" data-log="text" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); text-decoration-line: none;">缩合物</a>，而多肽也是蛋白质不完全水解的产物。<span class="sup--normal" data-sup="7" data-ctrmap=":7," style="margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer;"> </span></div><div class="para" label-module="para" data-pid="154" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1;">本位来源于百度百科</div></div><p></p>
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